On average, Americans spend approximately 90 percent of their time indoors (Klepeis et al., 2001), and there is evidence to suggest that a similar pattern exists worldwide (Ott, 1989). Furthermore, the combination of our behavioral and neural evidence underscores the role of emotion in our preference for curvilinear objects in this domain. The results suggest that the well-established effect of contour on aesthetic preference can be extended to architecture. In contrast, contour did not affect approach-avoidance decisions, although curvilinear spaces activated the visual cortex. Furthermore, activation in a distributed brain network known to underlie the aesthetic evaluation of different types of visual stimuli covaried with beauty ratings. Complementing this finding, pleasantness-the valence dimension of the affect circumplex-accounted for nearly 60 percent of the variance in beauty ratings.
Neuroanatomically, when contemplating beauty, curvilinear contour activated the anterior cingulate cortex exclusively, a region strongly responsive to the reward properties and emotional salience of objects.
§§To whom correspondence should be addressed. *Department of Psychology, University of Toronto-Scarborough, Toronto, ON, Canada M1C 1A4 †Laboratory of Cognitive and Social Neuroscience (LaNCyS), UDP-INECO Foundation Core on Neuroscience (UIFCoN), Universidad Diego Portales, Santiago, Chile ‡Department of Neurology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104 §Department of Architecture, Design, and Media Technology, University of Aalborg, DK-9000 Aalborg, Denmark ∥ Faculty of Psychology and Cognitive Science Research Platform, University of Vienna, 1010 Vienna, Austria #Department of Physiology, Universidad de La Laguna, La Laguna, 38071 Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain **The Royal Danish Academy of Fine Arts, Schools of Architecture, Design, and Conservation, School of Architecture, DK-1435 Copenhagen, Denmark ††Danish Research Centre for Magnetic Resonance, Copenhagen University Hospital Hvidovre, DK-2650 Copenhagen, Denmark and ‡‡Decision Neuroscience Research Group, Department of Marketing, Copenhagen Business School, DK-2000 Copenhagen, Denmark. As predicted, participants were more likely to judge spaces as beautiful if they were curvilinear than if they To begin closing this gap, we conducted a functional magnetic resonance imaging study to examine how systematic variation in contour impacts aesthetic judgments and approach-avoidance decisions, outcome measures of interest to both architects and users of spaces alike. However, there is surprisingly little research on how architecture impacts behavior, much less on how it influences brain function. On average, we urban dwellers spend about 90 percent of our time indoors, and share the intuition that the physical features of the places we live and work in influence how we feel and act.
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